If I was going there, I wouldn\u2019t start from here. The destination is the reform of the welfare system to make work pay. That is undoubtedly a good idea. It is something the last Labour government tried to do, and something the Work and Pensions secretary Iain Duncan Smith is determined finally to bring about. There are, classically, two ways of going about it: cutting benefits and\/or raising wages, though the tricky bit is tapering the impact of one on the other to avoid creating poverty traps and disincentives to work. But three days ago the Coalition\u2019s most zealous reformer added something else to the mix.<\/p>\n
The change cannot be brought about, he said, without curbing immigration \u2013 to stop \u2018them\u2019 from stealing \u2018our\u2019 jobs. Oh dear. We are back to Gordon Brown\u2019s \u201cBritish jobs for British workers\u201d. It didn\u2019t work for him, and it won\u2019t work for Duncan Smith either.<\/p>\n
You can see why they want to try it. The logic is superficially impeccable. The number of British-born workers without a job has increased by 223,000 over the last ten years. In the same period some 1.7 million foreign-born workers have migrated here from eastern Europe while a further million immigrants have arrived from non-EU countries.<\/p>\n
Do the maths. Get rid of 223,000 foreigners and their jobs will be made available for those jobless Brits. The red-meat tabloids have done the calculation. So has no less a statistician than Roger Daltrey, lead-singer with those archetypal Sixties rebels, The Who. Gordon Brown\u2019s government \u201cleft the British working man screwed like he\u2019d never been screwed before by cheap labour coming in from Europe,\u201d opined Daltrey, 67, the man who once sang that he hoped he\u2019d die before he got old.<\/p>\n
The Government has already capped the number of non-EU foreign nationals allowed to work in Britain, but there\u2019s nothing it can do to curb EU citizens who have the right to move and work freely within member states. So Duncan Smith has resorted to exhortation, urging British businesses to hire local jobless youths rather than foreigners.<\/p>\n
Businessmen have been unimpressed. They want young people who can read, write, communicate well and have a strong work ethic. It\u2019s all there in bright young Polish graduates, but how do you get demotivated unskilled British kids out of bed, they ask. Ah, says Iain Duncan Smith, they just need extra skills training to make them more employable.<\/p>\n
But all these youngsters have had 11 years of training. It is called school. And it has often proved unequal to the task. School-leavers\u2019 educational standards are \u201cwoefully low\u201d according to the former chief executive of Tesco, Sir Terry Leahy, who has lamented that employers like him \u201care often left to pick up the pieces\u201d.<\/p>\n
I mention Tesco because it does not just moan about such matters. It has set up more than 20 \u201cregeneration partnership\u201d stores in run-down areas which takes at least half of their staff from the local long-term unemployed register. But the individuals who go for those jobs are self-selecting. One young lad I met on a Tesco scheme was the only one of his friends to apply; all his mates preferred benefits and drug-dealing. What marked him out was that the two adults with whom he lived both went out to work, which was unusual on the sink estate where they lived.<\/p>\n
Teachers who work in such areas regularly tell heart-breaking tales of kids who are bright enough to do well at school but who cannot struggle free of the mindset of their peers. If the government wants to break the cycle of welfare dependency it needs to address that culture, replacing it with one of motivation, aspiration and the celebration of achievement. That requires co-ordination by schools, social services, community groups and charities like Barnardo\u2019s which specialise in developing parenting skills. Slashing Sure-Start nurseries is not exactly the best way to begin.<\/p>\n
What is not needed is pandering to scapegoat strategies like blaming immigrants. Contrary to the benefit-scrounging asylum-seeker stereotype most migrants work hard \u2013 and in two sectors where there are no Britons willing or able to do the same jobs.\u00a0 The first is in low-skilled low-paid jobs,\u00a0 like cleaning, care of the elderly, skivvying in hotels and restaurants, food-packing, fruit-picking and the rest. The second is in high-end specialist jobs \u2013 in the City, IT, hi-tech manufacturing and the university sector \u2013 all of which are important to the national economy, and all of which are currently suffering from the Coalition\u2019s knee-jerk restrictions on non-EU immigration.<\/p>\n
Evan Davis made an interesting programme last year in the Cambridgeshire town of Wisbech, which had 9,000 immigrants in a town with a workforce of 30,000 and where there are 2,000 people on the dole. He selected a dozen jobless locals \u2013 a representative sample, not just the 12 wackiest as \u00a0most tv reality programmes do.\u00a0 He got them to do the jobs of 12 migrant workers for three days: sorting potatoes, picking asparagus, working on a building site and in an Indian restaurant. The doleys did not acquit themselves well \u2013 moaning, complaining, slacking, dawdling and sometimes not turning up for work at all. Most striking was their persistent and crippling sense of grievance and entitlement. They gave the workshy and feckless a bad name.<\/p>\n
The programme dispelled the myth, its presenter concluded, \u201cthat if you took an immigrant out of a job, there would be one more job for a British worker.\u201d Or as a confidential Foreign Office memo to the Treasury put it in 2004:\u00a0 \u201cIn many cases, the jobs undertaken by low skilled migrants are valuable and irreplaceable, and would not be done otherwise. Evidence suggests that the effect of migration on both the employment prospects and wages of native workers is negligible.\u201d<\/p>\n
Last year I spent a day canvassing at a council election with a member of the British National Party. At door after door the complaint was raised about the country being swamped by immigrants. Yet only a handful of those he canvassed were unemployed. Most were retired; a few were shift-workers. The shibboleth of \u201cthem stealing our jobs\u201d seemed a lightning conductor for a general dissatisfaction or frustration. And yet being unemployed was the direct experience of only a tiny minority; the rest had learned to parrot it from the poisonous propaganda of right-wing newspapers and the sour sloganising of the BNP and the Tory right. Yet all would bear the consequences of the damage that blaming problems on immigrants does to racial tensions in local communities.<\/p>\n
There was a time when David Cameron in the House of Commons taunted Gordon Brown waving two leaflets carrying headlines about British jobs for British workers. \u201cHere\u2019s one he borrowed off the National Front,\u201d the Tory leader jeered. \u201cHere\u2019s another he borrowed off the British National Party. Where was his moral compass when he was doing that?\u201d<\/p>\n
But that was before recent private polling for the Coalition showed that immigration and welfare benefit, along with crime, are the key concerns for voters. \u00a0\u201cThe minister who dares to speak the truth,\u201d one right-wing rag recently branded Iain Duncan Smith. \u201cThe minister peddling the same old lies\u201d would be nearer the mark.<\/p>\n
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