Europe is facing a fate worse than debt

This could be the worst crisis Greece has ever known, an over-excited reporter on the BBC opined the other day. There speaks a man without a history degree, riposted the broadcaster and historian Dan Snow. But you don’t have to go back to the time when Alexander of Macedon massacred the Sacred Band of Thebans to find something worse. You could try 21 April 1967 when, on the eve of a general election, a group of right-wing army officers seized power in a coup d’etat after placing tanks in strategic positions around Athens and arresting top politicians and pretty much anyone they suspected might object.

There is, of course, something dramatic about a military coup and tanks on the street. But is it any more radical than what we might call the “market coup” which has suspended, if not overthrown, democracy in Greece in recent days?  And not just Greece. In Italy too elected leaders have been replaced by rulers at the behest of the overheated financial markets. In the case of Italy no-one has objected too much because the man who has been replaced was a sleazy, manipulative, self-serving buffoon. But the change is one which ought to worry us.

There was general horror when the outgoing Greek prime minister George Papandreou announced he would hold a referendum to allow the people to endorse or reject the austerity package deal to save their country from bankruptcy. Citizens could not express their opinion, it was said, because there was no time: falling stock markets and rising bond interest rates would bust Greek banks before the vote could take place. Yet Papandreou, in his cack-handed way, was raising a question which everyone was anxious to avoid in the scrambling the eurozone crisis: which is more important economics or politics, capitalism or democracy?

The answer is clear. Political power in Europe has passed to a tiny elite of technocrats. Two days after the economist Lucas Papademos was sworn in as Prime Minister of Greece another technocrat, Mario Monti, was asked to lead a new unity government in Italy.

Technocrat here is a euphemism for someone who has worked at or with the investment bank Goldman Sachs, nicknamed in financial circles “the Vampire Squid”. Mario Monti was a member of Goldman’s board of international advisers. The new president of the European Central Bank, which controls, eurozone monetary policy,  Mario Draghi, is a Goldman man. So is Antonio Borges who, until Wednesday, was running the International Monetary Fund’s European division. Lucas Papademos is a former vice president of that same European Central Bank; he is also the man who was running the Central Bank of Greece at the time when that country, like Italy, used complex derivatives to slim down the apparent size of their government debts to qualify to join the euro. , which euro rules mandated shouldn’t be above 60 per cent of the size of the economy. Who was behind that clever idea? The financial wizards of Goldman Sachs.

You don’t have to smell conspiracy to be concerned here, merely confluence of interests. Technocrats or politicians, they all sing from the same highly marketised hymn-sheet. Insanity, said Albert Einstein, is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.

It is ironic that this democratic deficit is opening up in Europe just as democracy has come back onto the agenda in the Middle East where the Arab Spring is that region’s equivalent of knocking at the gates of dictatorship and oppression much as Europe did beginning with the assault on the Bastille in 1789. Sceptics, of course, will tell you that democracy in Europe has been dead for some time already thanks to the EU where neither the Council of Ministers nor the Commission are directly elected and where the European Parliament has no real say in big decisions. Certainly over the past two decades Silvio Berlusconi has eroded the integrity of Italian democracy with his puppet appointments and manipulation of the legislative process to promote the interests of his personal business empire. Italy’s sclerotic political class not only allowed that but also mortgaged their country to Europe and other holders of Italian debt. And now all Europe is paying the price.

What is alarming is that the markets have been able to fire Berlusconi in response. Markets rule, somewhat irrationally, but they rule nonetheless. Some have argued that markets are just another form of popular vote, saying we are all the market, through our savings, investments, insurance policies and pensions. But those finances too are controlled by technocrats made in the same free-market mould as the technocrats in the German finance ministry, European Central Bank, the IMF and the European Commission who will decide the future living conditions of the people of Greece.

In one sense we have only ourselves to blame. Those in charge insist that the firm forward-looking action that is now required is anathema to politicians whose myopic gaze is fixed on the next set of elections. Some decisions require too long-term a vision to fit into short-term political horizons. Some democratic reforms may be needed to reconcile economic and political cycles. That and more courage from our politicians.

Some might argue that it does not really matter. Look at how successful China has been by promoting economic development without democracy. But that means a society where the rule of law, human rights, the freedom of the press, and more are subjugated to economic imperatives. But democracy does matter, as people from Syria to Burma will tell you. There is a fate worse than debt.

When the colonels took power in Greece in 1967 the US ambassador in Athens, Phillips Talbot, lamented it as “a rape of democracy”. His cynical CIA chief of station replied: “How can you rape a whore?”  Answer came when the junta in the country which was the cradle of democracy banned citizens right of assembly, subjected them to commonplace surveillance and detained thousands in torture centres where beatings, sexual torture and forcing excrement down people’s throats were routine.

Democracy is not a luxury. It is the ideological foundation for a mode of governing that respects the rights and desires of its citizens and encourages their aspirations to live in dignity and prosperity. And there speaks a man without a history degree.

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